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JAMB Geography: practice questions.

12 free questions with answers and explanations, plus the topics to revise.

Below are free JAMB Geography practice questions with answers and explanations. They are original eZine questions, written and reviewed by teachers in the style of the JAMB UTME; we do not publish past questions. eZine's published JAMB Geography bank holds 218 questions across 24 topics (counted 29 October 2026); the largest topics are Scale and measurement, Weather and climate, Broad outline of Nigeria.

In the UTME, each subject other than Use of English has 40 questions official; the full sitting is 180 questions in 120 minutes. Source: https://www.jamb.gov.ng/ · last checked 29 October 2026

JAMB Geography practice questions

Choose an option to check it, or open the answer. Each is an eZine practice question (original, teacher-reviewed).

Question 1 · The earth as a planet

Two towns lie on the same meridian, one at latitude 4°N and the other at 13°N. Taking 1° of latitude as 111 km, how far apart are they?

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Answer: D. 999 km

Both are north of the equator, so the difference in latitude is 13 − 4 = 9°. 9 × 111 km = 999 km. Adding the latitudes (1,887 km) is only right when the towns are on opposite sides of the equator; 540 km uses 60 km per degree; 499.5 km halves the answer.

eZine practice question (original, teacher-reviewed)

Question 2 · The earth crust

Water evaporates from the Atlantic, falls as rain on the Jos Plateau, feeds plants and drains back through the Niger to the sea. This shows the interaction of

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Answer: D. all four spheres, linked by the water cycle

The water cycle links all four spheres: water (hydrosphere) evaporates into the air (atmosphere), falls on the land (lithosphere) and sustains living things (biosphere). The core and mantle are not involved, and the process is not confined to the atmosphere.

eZine practice question (original, teacher-reviewed)

Question 3 · Geographic Information System (GIS)

A GIS operator draws a zone 500 m wide around all streams in a district to show areas where building should be banned. This GIS operation is

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Answer: C. buffering

Buffering creates zones of a fixed distance around points, lines or polygons, e.g. a setback around streams. Digitising and scanning are data input methods; georeferencing assigns real-world coordinates to a scanned image.

eZine practice question (original, teacher-reviewed)

Question 4 · The earth as a planet

The earth's polar diameter is shorter than its equatorial diameter. This means the earth is best described as

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Answer: C. an oblate spheroid

The earth bulges slightly at the equator and is flattened at the poles, a shape called an oblate spheroid (geoid). A perfect sphere would have equal diameters; a disc is flat; a prolate spheroid is longer from pole to pole — the reverse of the earth.

eZine practice question (original, teacher-reviewed)

Question 5 · Settlement

Which is the most important factor in the rapid growth of Lagos?

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Answer: B. Its port and commercial role

Lagos grew because of its port, its former role as capital and its concentration of commerce and industry, which attract migrants. It is low-lying, has no coal and has a hot, humid tropical climate.

eZine practice question (original, teacher-reviewed)

Question 6 · Environmental resources

Which of the following is a NON-renewable resource?

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Answer: C. Crude oil from the Niger Delta

Crude oil forms over millions of years and is used up faster than it forms, so it is non-renewable. Sunlight, river water and forests can be replenished naturally within human timescales if managed well.

eZine practice question (original, teacher-reviewed)

Question 7 · Water bodies

An ox-bow lake is formed when

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Answer: D. a meander neck is cut through and sealed off

On a flood plain, erosion on the outer banks narrows the neck of a meander; in a flood the river breaks through, and deposition seals the abandoned loop, leaving an ox-bow lake. Glacial hollows form corrie lakes; volcanic craters form crater lakes; sandbars form lagoons.

eZine practice question (original, teacher-reviewed)

Question 8 · Environmental interaction

In a savanna ecosystem, grasses that make food by photosynthesis are called

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Answer: D. producers

Green plants are producers (autotrophs) at the base of food chains. Primary consumers eat the plants; decomposers break down dead matter; carnivores eat other animals.

eZine practice question (original, teacher-reviewed)

Question 9 · Broad outline of Nigeria

Which statement about the population distribution of Nigeria is CORRECT?

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Answer: B. Dense in the south-west, south-east and Kano area

Nigeria shows three dense cores (Yoruba south-west, Igbo south-east, Hausa north around Kano) separated by a sparse Middle Belt. Distribution is uneven; the Middle Belt is sparse; the Lake Chad area is thinly populated.

eZine practice question (original, teacher-reviewed)

Question 10 · Settlement

The main function of most rural settlements in Nigeria is

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Answer: C. agriculture

Rural settlements are mainly engaged in primary activities, especially farming, fishing and herding. Banking, heavy industry and administration are urban functions.

eZine practice question (original, teacher-reviewed)

Question 11 · Economic and human geography of Nigeria

Which is a major problem facing agricultural development in Nigeria?

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Answer: A. Poor rural roads and storage

Bad feeder roads and poor storage mean that much produce spoils before reaching market. Most farmers use simple tools, extension officers are few, and credit is scarce and costly — the reverse of the distractors.

eZine practice question (original, teacher-reviewed)

Question 12 · Maps

A geography teacher in Kano wants one map that shows how rainfall varies across Nigeria using lines joining places of equal rainfall. The map she needs is a

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Answer: A. thematic (isopleth) map

A map that concentrates on one theme, such as rainfall, and shows it with isohyets is a thematic (isopleth) map. A cadastral map shows plot boundaries; a topographical map shows general relief and cultural features; a sketch map of the school covers too small an area and is not drawn to show rainfall.

eZine practice question (original, teacher-reviewed)

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Geography syllabus topics official

  1. Maps
  2. Scale and measurement
  3. Map reading and interpretation
  4. Interpretation of statistical data, maps and diagrams
  5. Elementary surveying
  6. Geographic Information System (GIS)
  7. The earth as a planet
  8. The earth crust
  9. Volcanism and earthquakes
  10. Denudation processes in the tropics
  11. Water bodies
  12. Weather and climate
  13. Vegetation
  14. Soils
  15. Environmental resources
  16. Environmental interaction
  17. Environmental hazards
  18. Environmental conservation
  19. Population
  20. Settlement
  21. Selected economic activities
  22. Broad outline of Nigeria
  23. Economic and human geography of Nigeria
  24. ECOWAS

24 topics. Summarised from JAMB's published syllabus; verified 2026-10-24.

Source: https://ibass.jamb.gov.ng/static/media/Geography.0bf33e33f48e4139be13.pdf · last checked 29 October 2026

See the full Geography syllabus with subtopics and objectives →

Geography topic guides